The Wilmington Ten refers to a group of ten civil rights activists (nine African Americans and one white woman) who were wrongfully convicted in 1972 in Wilmington, North Carolina. The group was accused of conspiracy and arson during racial violence in the city following desegregation efforts. The case drew national attention and was seen as an example of political repression against Black activism.

The convictions of the Wilmington Ten were widely criticized as being based on flimsy evidence and unfair trial practices, including the systematic exclusion of African Americans from the jury. The activists maintained their innocence and were considered by many to be political prisoners. In 1980, amid mounting pressure and evidence of prosecutorial misconduct, newly-elected North Carolina Governor Jim Hunt granted pardons of innocence to all members of the Wilmington Ten.

The Wilmington Ten case remains a significant chapter in Black history, highlighting the struggles faced by individuals and communities fighting for civil rights and social justice in the face of systemic racism and oppression.