The Wilmington Ten refers to a group of nine young Black men and one white woman who were wrongfully convicted in 1972 in Wilmington, North Carolina. The ten individuals were charged with a number of crimes, including arson, conspiracy, and assault, following unrest and violence during racial tensions in the city.

The convictions of the Wilmington Ten were widely believed to be politically motivated and based on flimsy evidence. The case garnered significant national and international attention, with many advocacy groups and individuals calling for justice for the group.

In 1978, after appeals and widespread protests, the convictions of the Wilmington Ten were overturned by a federal appeals court due to prosecutorial misconduct, including withholding evidence and using perjured testimony. The case of the Wilmington Ten is seen as a significant example of the injustices faced by African Americans and civil rights activists during the 1970s.